原上新居十三首
出处:御定全唐诗·卷二百九十九
新占原头地,本无山可归。
荒藤生叶晚,老杏着花稀。
厨舍近泥灶,家人初饱薇。
弟兄今四散,何日更相依。
一家榆柳新,四面远无邻。
人少愁闻病,庄孤幸得贫。
耕牛长愿饱,樵仆每怜勤。
终日忧衣食,何由脱此身。
长安无旧识,百里是天涯。
寂寞思逢客,荒凉喜见花。
访僧求贱药,将马中豪家。
乍得新蔬菜,朝盘忽觉奢。
鸡鸣村舍遥,花发亦萧条。
野竹初生笋,溪田未得苗。
家贫僮仆瘦,春冷菜蔬焦。
甘分长如此,无名在圣朝。
春来梨枣尽,啼哭小儿饥。
邻富鸡常去,庄贫客渐稀。
借牛耕地晚,卖树纳钱迟。
墙下当官路,依山补竹篱。
自扫一间房,唯铺独卧床。
野羹溪菜滑,山纸水苔香。
陈药初和白,新经未入黄。
近来心力少,休读养生方。
拟作读经人,空房置净巾。
锁茶藤箧密,曝药竹床新。
老病应随业,因缘不离身。
焚香向居士,无计出诸尘。
移家近住村,贫苦自安存。
细问梨果植,远求花药根。
倩人开废井,趁犊入新园。
长爱当山立,黄昏不闭门。
和暖绕林行,新贫足喜声。
扫渠忧竹旱,浇地引兰生。
山客凭栽树,家僮使入城。
门前粉壁上,书着县官名。
住处钟鼓外,免争当路桥。
身閒时却困,儿病可来娇。
鸡睡日阳暖,蜂狂花艳烧。
长安足门户,迭迭看登朝。
近来年纪到,世事总无心。
古碣凭人拓,闲诗任客吟。
送经还野苑,移石入幽林。
谷口春风恶,梨花盖地深。
懒更学诸余,林中扫地居。
腻衣穿不洗,白髮短慵梳。
苦相常多泪,劳生自悟虚。
闲行人事绝,亲故亦无书。
住处去山近,傍园麋鹿行。
野桑穿井长,荒竹过墙生。
新识邻里面,未谙村社情。
石田无力及,贱赁与人耕。
注释
- 「新占原头地」: newly occupied the land at the edge of the plain
- 「本无山可归」: originally there is no mountain to return to
- 「荒藤生叶晚」: the wild vines grow leaves late
- 「老杏着花稀」: the old apricot trees have few blossoms
- 「厨舍近泥灶」: the kitchen is near the mud stove
- 「家人初饱薇」: the family has just had enough wild plants
- 「弟兄今四散」: now the brothers are scattered in different places
- 「何日更相依」: when will we depend on each other again
- 「一家榆柳新」: a family of elm and willow trees are newly grown
- 「四面远无邻」: there are no neighbors far and wide on all sides
- 「人少愁闻病」: with few people around, one worries about hearing of illnesses
- 「庄孤幸得贫」: fortunately the village is poor and solitary
- 「耕牛长愿饱」: always wish the ploughing ox to be full
- 「樵仆每怜勤」: always pity the hardworking woodcutter's servant
- 「终日忧衣食」: worry about food and clothing all day long
- 「何由脱此身」: how can one get rid of this situation
- 「长安无旧识」: there are no old acquaintances in Chang'an
- 「百里是天涯」: a hundred li is like the end of the world
- 「寂寞思逢客」: lonely and longing to meet guests
- 「荒凉喜见花」: happy to see flowers in the desolation
- 「访僧求贱药」: visit the monk to get cheap medicine
- 「将马中豪家」: take the horse to the rich family
- 「乍得新蔬菜」: just got some fresh vegetables
- 「朝盘忽觉奢」: suddenly feel the morning meal is luxurious
- 「鸡鸣村舍遥」: the rooster crows and the village houses are far away
- 「花发亦萧条」: the flowers bloom but also look desolate
- 「野竹初生笋」: the wild bamboo just starts to grow shoots
- 「溪田未得苗」: there are no seedlings in the stream fields
- 「家贫僮仆瘦」: the family is poor and the servants are thin
- 「春冷菜蔬焦」: in the cold spring, the vegetables are withered
- 「甘分长如此」: willing to be like this forever
- 「无名在圣朝」: having no fame in the holy dynasty
- 「春来梨枣尽」: when spring comes, the pears and dates are all gone
- 「啼哭小儿饥」: the crying children are hungry
- 「邻富鸡常去」: the neighbors are rich and the chickens often go there
- 「庄贫客渐稀」: the village is poor and the guests are gradually fewer
- 「借牛耕地晚」: borrow the ox to plough the land late
- 「卖树纳钱迟」: sell the trees to pay the money late
- 「墙下当官路」: under the wall is the official road
- 「依山补竹篱」: rely on the mountain to repair the bamboo fence
- 「自扫一间房」: sweep a room by oneself
- 「唯铺独卧床」: only lay a single bed
- 「野羹溪菜滑」: the wild soup with stream vegetables is smooth
- 「山纸水苔香」: the mountain paper and water moss are fragrant
- 「陈药初和白」: the old medicine is first mixed with white
- 「新经未入黄」: the new scriptures have not been marked with yellow
- 「近来心力少」: recently the mental strength is less
- 「休读养生方」: don't read the health-preserving prescriptions
- 「拟作读经人」: plan to be a person who reads scriptures
- 「空房…」: empty room...
赏析
《原上新居十三首》是王建的五言古诗,饱含思乡羁旅之情
新占原头地却无山可归,荒藤老杏描绘出荒凉景象
厨舍简陋,家人以薇为食,弟兄四散,诗人渴望相依
一家榆柳新但四面无邻,人少愁病,庄孤幸贫
耕牛盼饱,樵仆怜勤,诗人忧衣食,想摆脱困境却不得
诗中如“弟兄今四散,何日更相依”等句,直白地抒发思乡念亲之情
艺术手法上,以质朴的语言描绘新居周边环境及生活状况,如“荒藤生叶晚,老杏着花稀”,借景抒情,将思乡之情融入荒凉之景,情感真挚动人
精选评论
- 「逸云客王建此诗,以质朴之笔绘尽原上村居之景与思乡之情。荒藤老杏,泥灶薇食,尽显生活艰辛。弟兄四散,归期难觅,读来令人动容。」
- 「幽竹居士诗中农家生活画面如在眼前,耕牛樵仆,衣食忧愁,生动展现了底层人民的困苦。语言平实,情感真挚,实乃佳作。」
- 「清风吟客整首诗围绕原上新居展开,从环境到生活,再到内心的孤寂与思乡,层层递进,细腻入微,足见诗人功力。」
- 「墨香居士借原上村居之景抒发羁旅之愁,荒寒之境与思乡之情相融合,读罢仿佛能感受到诗人的落寞与无奈。」
- 「云影逸士王建以简洁笔触勾勒出一幅乡村烟火图,又将弟兄离散的哀伤融入其中,使诗作富有感染力,引人深思。」